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Universal Dependencies, release 2.16
by Dan Zeman 15 May '25

15 May '25

We are very happy to announce the twenty-second release of annotated treebanks in Universal Dependencies, v2.16, available at https://universaldependencies.org/. Universal Dependencies is a project that seeks to develop cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation for many languages with the goal of facilitating multilingual parser development, cross-lingual learning, and parsing research from a language typology perspective (de Marneffe et al., 2021; Nivre et al., 2020). The annotation scheme is based on (universal) Stanford dependencies (de Marneffe et al., 2006, 2008, 2014), Google universal part-of-speech tags (Petrov et al., 2012), and the Interset interlingua for morphosyntactic tagsets (Zeman, 2008). The general philosophy is to provide a universal inventory of categories and guidelines to facilitate consistent annotation of similar constructions across languages, while allowing language-specific extensions when necessary. The *319* treebanks in v2.16 are annotated according to version 2 of the UD guidelines and represent the following *179* languages: Abaza, Abkhaz, Afrikaans, Akkadian, Akuntsu, Albanian, Alemannic, Amharic, Ancient Greek, Ancient Hebrew, Apurina, Arabic, Armenian, Assyrian, Azerbaijani, Bambara, Basque, Bavarian, Beja, Belarusian, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bokota, Bororo, Breton, Bulgarian, Buryat, Cantonese, Cappadocian, Catalan, Cebuano, Chinese, Chukchi, Classical Armenian, Classical Chinese, Coptic, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Egyptian, English, Erzya, Esperanto, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian Dutch, Galician, Georgian, German, Gheg, Gothic, Greek, Guajajara, Guarani, Gujarati, Gwichin, Haitian Creole, Hausa, Hebrew, Highland Puebla Nahuatl, Hindi, Hittite, Hungarian, Icelandic, Ika, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Kaapor, Kangri, Karelian, Karo, Kazakh, Khoekhoe, Khunsari, Kiche, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Korean, Kurmanji, Kyrgyz, Latgalian, Latin, Latvian, Ligurian, Lithuanian, Livvi, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Madi, Maghrebi Arabic French, Makurap, Malayalam, Maltese, Manx, Marathi, Mbya Guarani, Middle French, Moksha, Munduruku, Naga, Naija, Nayini, Neapolitan, Nenets, Nheengatu, North Sami, Northwest Gbaya, Norwegian, Occitan, Odia, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Old English, Old French, Old Irish, Old Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Pashto, Paumari, Persian, Pesh, Phrygian, Polish, Pomak, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Sindhi, Sinhala, Skolt Sami, Slovak, Slovenian, Soi, South Levantine Arabic, Spanish, Spanish Sign Language, Swedish, Swedish Sign Language, Tagalog, Tamil, Tatar, Teko, Telugu, Telugu English, Thai, Tswana, Tupinamba, Turkish, Turkish English, Turkish German, Ukrainian, Umbrian, Upper Sorbian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek, Veps, Vietnamese, Warlpiri, Welsh, Western Armenian, Western Sierra Puebla Nahuatl, Wolof, Xavante, Xibe, Yakut, Yoruba, Yupik and Zaar. The 179 languages belong to *35* families: Afro-Asiatic, Arawakan, Arawan, Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Basque, Bororoan, Chibchan, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Code switching, Constructed, Creole, Dravidian, Eskimo-Aleut, Indo-European, Japanese, Kartvelian, Khoe-Kwadi, Korean, Macro-Je, Mande, Mayan, Mongolic, Na-Dene, Niger-Congo, Northwest Caucasian, Pama-Nyungan, Sign Language, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, Tungusic, Tupian, Turkic, Uralic and Uto-Aztecan. Depending on the language, the treebanks range in size from less than 1,000 tokens to over 3 million tokens. We expect the next release to be available in November 2025. The size of the following 48 treebanks changed significantly since the last release: Abkhaz AbNC : 6363 → 9652 Alemannic UZH : 0 → 1444 Ancient Hebrew PTNK : 39036 → 90770 Azerbaijani TueCL : 663 → 912 Bokota ChibErgIS : 0 → 2713 Bororo BDT : 6993 → 160356 Classical Armenian CAVaL : 88009 → 99663 Coptic Bohairic : 0 → 32724 Czech PDT : 1506486 → 0 Czech PDTC : 0 → 3440052 Egyptian UJaen : 14650 → 21927 English CHILDES : 0 → 226470 English GUM : 211920 → 233926 English LinES : 94217 → 106305 Esperanto Cairo : 0 → 177 Esperanto Prago : 0 → 839 French ALTS : 0 → 43832 Georgian GNC : 0 → 18747 Greek Cretan : 0 → 4351 Greek Lesbian : 0 → 3333 Haitian Creole Adolphe : 0 → 71734 Ika ChibErgIS : 0 → 3706 Khoekhoe KDT : 0 → 29007 Korean KSL : 66989 → 108072 Korean LittlePrince : 0 → 13656 Kyrgyz TueCL : 1001 → 1250 Latin CIRCSE : 18968 → 24899 Middle French PROFITEROLE: 12025 → 68454 Naga Suansu : 0 → 3123 Neapolitan RB : 10 → 199 Nenets Tundra : 0 → 651 Nheengatu CompLin : 19278 → 21813 Northwest Gbaya Autogramm: 2417 → 2693 Occitan CorAG : 0 → 37585 Occitan TTB : 0 → 25619 Odia ODTB : 0 → 1029 Old English Cairo : 0 → 171 Ottoman Turkish DUDU : 813 → 10287 Pashto Sikaram : 995 → 2515 Pesh ChibErgIS : 2508 → 4275 Russian Taiga : 197001 → 1758939 Sindhi Isra : 0 → 15741 Swedish LinES : 90961 → 102538 Turkish English BUTR : 0 → 393 Turkish TueCL : 0 → 904 Ukrainian ParlaMint : 51997 → 84189 Uzbek TueCL : 0 → 939 Xavante XDT : 1740 → 2234 In total, the new release contains *2,263,318* sentences, 36437487 surface tokens and *37,158,675* syntactic words. Daniel Zeman, Joakim Nivre, Mitchell Abrams, Elia Ackermann, Jephtey Adolphe, Noëmi Aepli, Hamid Aghaei, Željko Agić, Amir Ahmadi, Lars Ahrenberg, Chika Kennedy Ajede, Arofat Akhundjanova, Furkan Akkurt, Gabrielė Aleksandravičiūtė, Ika Alfina, Avner Algom, Khalid Alnajjar, Chiara Alzetta, Antonios Anastasopoulos, Erik Andersen, Matthew Andrews, Lene Antonsen, Tatsuya Aoyama, Katya Aplonova, Angelina Aquino, Carolina Aragon, Glyd Aranes, Maria Jesus Aranzabe, Bilge Nas Arıcan, Þórunn Arnardóttir, Gashaw Arutie, Jessica Naraiswari Arwidarasti, Masayuki Asahara, Katla Ásgeirsdóttir, Deniz Baran Aslan, Cengiz Asmazoğlu, Luma Ateyah, Furkan Atmaca, Mohammed Attia, Aitziber Atutxa, Liesbeth Augustinus, Mariana Avelãs, Elena Badmaeva, Jana Bajorat, Keerthana Balasubramani, Miguel Ballesteros, Esha Banerjee, Sebastian Bank, Bryan Khelven da Silva Barbosa, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Starkaður Barkarson, Rodolfo Basile, Victoria Basmov, Colin Batchelor, John Bauer, Seyyit Talha Bedir, Shabnam Behzad, Juan Belieni, Alevtina Bémová, Kepa Bengoetxea, İbrahim Benli, Yifat Ben Moshe, Marie Benzerrak, Ansu Berg, Gözde Berk, Riyaz Ahmad Bhat, Erica Biagetti, Eckhard Bick, Agnė Bielinskienė, Esma Fatıma Bilgin Taşdemir, Helin Binici, Kristín Bjarnadóttir, Verena Blaschke, Rogier Blokland, Nina Böbel, Victoria Bobicev, Loïc Boizou, Stavros Bompolas, Johnatan Bonilla, Emanuel Borges Völker, Carl Börstell, Cristina Bosco, Gosse Bouma, Sam Bowman, Adriane Boyd, Anouck Braggaar, António Branco, Myriam Bras, Kristina Brokaitė, Lanni Bu, Eva Buráňová, Aljoscha Burchardt, Carmen Cabeza, Natalia Cáceres Arandia, Marisa Campos, Marie Candito, Bernard Caron, Gauthier Caron, Catarina Carvalheiro, Rita Carvalho, Lauren Cassidy, Maria Clara Castro, Sérgio Castro, Tatiana Cavalcanti, Gülşen Cebiroğlu Eryiğit, Flavio Massimiliano Cecchini, Giuseppe G. A. Celano, Anila Çepani, Slavomír Čéplö, Neslihan Cesur, Savas Cetin, Özlem Çetinoğlu, Fabricio Chalub, Liyanage Chamila, Claudine Chamoreau, Shweta Chauhan, Yifei Chen, Ethan Chi, Taishi Chika, Yongseok Cho, Jinho Choi, Bermet Chontaeva, Jayeol Chun, Juyeon Chung, Alessandra T. Cignarella, Silvie Cinková, Aurélie Collomb, Çağrı Çöltekin, Miriam Connor, Claudia Corbetta, Daniela Corbetta, Francisco Costa, Marine Courtin, Benoît Crabbé, Mihaela Cristescu, Vladimir Cvetkoski, Netanel Dahan, Ingerid Løyning Dale, Philemon Daniel, Khensa Daoudi, Bijayalaxmi Dash, Satya Ranjan Dash, Elizabeth Davidson, Leonel Figueiredo de Alencar, Mathieu Dehouck, Martina de Laurentiis, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Ahmet Demir, Valeria de Paiva, Mehmet Oguz Derin, Elvis de Souza, Arantza Diaz de Ilarraza, Roberto Antonio Díaz Hernández, Carly Dickerson, Ariani Di Felippo, Arawinda Dinakaramani, Elisa Di Nuovo, Bamba Dione, Peter Dirix, Hoa Do, Kaja Dobrovoljc, Caroline Döhmer, Adrian Doyle, Timothy Dozat, Kira Droganova, Magali Sanches Duran, Puneet Dwivedi, Christian Ebert, Hanne Eckhoff, Masaki Eguchi, Sandra Eiche, Roald Eiselen, Marhaba Eli, Ali Elkahky, Binyam Ephrem, Olga Erina, Tomaž Erjavec, Louise Esher, Soudabeh Eslami, Farah Essaidi, Aline Etienne, Wograine Evelyn, Sidney Facundes, Richárd Farkas, Ján Faryad, Federica Favero, Jannatul Ferdaousi, Marília Fernanda, Hector Fernandez Alcalde, Amal Fethi, Jennifer Foster, Barbara Francioni, Theodorus Fransen, Cláudia Freitas, Kazunori Fujita, Katarína Gajdošová, Daniel Galbraith, Edith Galy, Federica Gamba, Marcos Garcia, José María García-Miguel, Moa Gärdenfors, Tanja Gaustad, Efe Eren Genç, Fabrício Ferraz Gerardi, Kim Gerdes, Luke Gessler, Filip Ginter, Gustavo Godoy, Iakes Goenaga, Koldo Gojenola, Memduh Gökırmak, Yoav Goldberg, Gili Goldin, Xavier Gómez Guinovart, Berta González Saavedra, Bernadeta Griciūtė, Matias Grioni, Loïc Grobol, Normunds Grūzītis, Bruno Guillaume, Kirian Guiller, Céline Guillot-Barbance, Tunga Güngör, Vladimir Gurevich, Nizar Habash, Hinrik Hafsteinsson, Michael Hahn, Jan Hajič, Jan Hajič jr., Eva Hajičová, Mika Hämäläinen, Linh Hà Mỹ, Na-Rae Han, Muhammad Yudistira Hanifmuti, Takahiro Harada, Sam Hardwick, Kim Harris, Naïma Hassert, Dag Haug, Jiří Havelka, Johannes Heinecke, Oliver Hellwig, Felix Hennig, Barbora Hladká, Jaroslava Hlaváčová, Florinel Hociung, Diana Hoefels, Petter Hohle, Nick Howell, Yidi Huang, Marivel Huerta Mendez, Jena Hwang, Takumi Ikeda, Inessa Iliadou, Anton Karl Ingason, Radu Ion, Elena Irimia, Ọlájídé Ishola, Artan Islamaj, Kaoru Ito, Federica Iurescia, Jessica K. Ivani, Sandra Jagodzińska, Siratun Jannat, Tomáš Jelínek, Apoorva Jha, Katharine Jiang, Sylvanus Job, Mayank Jobanputra, Anders Johannsen, Hildur Jónsdóttir, Fredrik Jørgensen, Zhuoxuan Ju, Markus Juutinen, Hüner Kaşıkara, Nadezhda Kabaeva, Sylvain Kahane, Hiroshi Kanayama, Jenna Kanerva, Neslihan Kara, Ritván Karahóǧa, Jiří Kárník, Andre Kåsen, Tolga Kayadelen, Sarveswaran Kengatharaiyer, Václava Kettnerová, Lilit Kharatyan, Jesse Kirchner, Elena Klementieva, Elena Klyachko, Petr Kocharov, Arne Köhn, Abdullatif Köksal, Veronika Kolářová, Kamil Kopacewicz, Timo Korkiakangas, Mehmet Köse, Alexey Koshevoy, Nelda Kote, Natalia Kotsyba, Barbara Kovačić, Jolanta Kovalevskaitė, Emmanuelle Kowner, Simon Krek, Parameswari Krishnamurthy, Sandra Kübler, Lucie Kučová, Adrian Kuqi, Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, Aslı Kuzgun, Sookyoung Kwak, Kris Kyle, Käbi Laan, Veronika Laippala, Lorenzo Lambertino, Israel Landau, Tatiana Lando, Septina Dian Larasati, Pierre Larrivée, Alexei Lavrentiev, John Lee, Phương Lê Hồng, Alessandro Lenci, Saran Lertpradit, Herman Leung, Maria Levina, Lauren Levine, Cheuk Ying Li, Josie Li, Keying Li, Yixuan Li, Yuan Li, KyungTae Lim, Bruna Lima Padovani, Yi-Ju Jessica Lin, Krister Lindén, Yang Janet Liu, Zoey Liu, Nikola Ljubešić, Irina Lobzhanidze, Olga Loginova, Markéta Lopatková, Lucelene Lopes, Edita Luftiu, Arsenii Lukashevskyi, Stefano Lusito, Anne-Marie Lutgen, Andry Luthfi, Mikko Luukko, Olga Lyashevskaya, Teresa Lynn, Vivien Macketanz, Menel Mahamdi, Jean Maillard, Ilya Makarchuk, Aibek Makazhanov, Francesco Mambrini, Michael Mandl, Christopher Manning, Ruli Manurung, Büşra Marşan, Cătălina Mărănduc, David Mareček, Katrin Marheinecke, Stella Markantonatou, Héctor Martínez Alonso, Lorena Martín Rodríguez, André Martins, Cláudia Martins, Jan Mašek, Hiroshi Matsuda, Yuji Matsumoto, Alessandro Mazzei, Ryan McDonald, Sarah McGuinness, Maitrey Mehta, Pierre André Ménard, Gustavo Mendonça, Hilla Merhav, Tatiana Merzhevich, Paul Meurer, Niko Miekka, Marie Mikulová, Emilia Milano, Aleksandra Miletić, Aaron Miller, Junghyun Min, Yael Minerbi, Jiří Mírovský, Karina Mischenkova, Anna Missilä, Cătălin Mititelu, Maria Mitrofan, Yusuke Miyao, Biswakalpita Mohapatra, AmirHossein Mojiri Foroushani, Judit Molnár, Amirsaeid Moloodi, Simonetta Montemagni, Amir More, Laura Moreno Romero, Giovanni Moretti, Shinsuke Mori, Tomohiko Morioka, Shigeki Moro, Bjartur Mortensen, Bohdan Moskalevskyi, Kadri Muischnek, Robert Munro, Yugo Murawaki, Nikolett Mus, Kaili Müürisep, Pinkey Nainwani, Mariam Nakhlé, Juan Ignacio Navarro Horñiacek, Anna Nedoluzhko, Gunta Nešpore-Bērzkalne, Manuela Nevaci, Lương Nguyễn Thị, Huyền Nguyễn Thị Minh, Yoshihiro Nikaido, Vitaly Nikolaev, Rattima Nitisaroj, Victor Norrman, Alireza Nourian, Michal Novák, Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes, Hanna Nurmi, Stina Ojala, Atul Kr. Ojha, Hulda Óladóttir, Adédayọ̀ Olúòkun, Mai Omura, Emeka Onwuegbuzia, Noam Ordan, Petya Osenova, Robert Östling, Annika Ott, Lilja Øvrelid, Masanori Oya, Şaziye Betül Özateş, Merve Özçelik, Arzucan Özgür, Balkız Öztürk Başaran, Teresa Paccosi, Petr Pajas, Alessio Palmero Aprosio, Jarmila Panevová, Anastasia Panova, Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro Pardo, Shantipriya Parida, Hyunji Hayley Park, Niko Partanen, Elena Pascual, Marco Passarotti, Agnieszka Patejuk, Guilherme Paulino-Passos, Giulia Pedonese, Oggi Peeters, Angelika Peljak-Łapińska, Siyao Peng, Siyao Logan Peng, Rita Pereira, Sílvia Pereira, Cenel-Augusto Perez, Natalia Perkova, Guy Perrier, Slav Petrov, Daria Petrova, Andrea Peverelli, Jason Phelan, Claudel Pierre-Louis, Jussi Piitulainen, Yuval Pinter, Clara Pinto, Rodrigo Pintucci, Tommi A Pirinen, Emily Pitler, Magdalena Plamada, Barbara Plank, Alistair Plum, Thierry Poibeau, Larisa Ponomareva, Martin Popel, Clamença Poujade, Lauma Pretkalniņa, Rigardt Pretorius, Sophie Prévost, Prokopis Prokopidis, Adam Przepiórkowski, Robert Pugh, Tiina Puolakainen, Christoph Purschke, Sampo Pyysalo, Peng Qi, Andreia Querido, Andriela Rääbis, Ella Rabinovich, Alexandre Rademaker, Mutee-u Rahman, Mizanur Rahoman, Taraka Rama, Loganathan Ramasamy, Carlos Ramisch, Joana Ramos, Fam Rashel, Mohammad Sadegh Rasooli, Vinit Ravishankar, Livy Real, Petru Rebeja, Siva Reddy, Mathilde Regnault, Georg Rehm, Arij Riabi, Ivan Riabov, Michael Rießler, Erika Rimkutė, Larissa Rinaldi, Laura Rituma, Putri Rizqiyah, Luisa Rocha, Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson, Ivan Roksandic, Norton Trevisan Roman, Mykhailo Romanenko, Natalia Romanova, Rudolf Rosa, Valentin Roșca, Paulette Roulon, Davide Rovati, Ben Rozonoyer, Olga Rudina, Jack Rueter, Paolo Ruffolo, Kristján Rúnarsson, Rozana Rushiti, Shoval Sadde, Pegah Safari, Aleksi Sahala, Kalyanamalini Sahoo, Saraswati Sahoo, Shadi Saleh, Alessio Salomoni, Tanja Samardžić, Konstantinos Sampanis, Stephanie Samson, Xulia Sánchez-Rodríguez, Manuela Sanguinetti, Ezgi Sanıyar, Dage Särg, Marta Sartor, Albina Sarymsakova, Mitsuya Sasaki, Baiba Saulīte, Agata Savary, Yanin Sawanakunanon, Shefali Saxena, Kevin Scannell, Salvatore Scarlata, Emmanuel Schang, Nathan Schneider, Sebastian Schuster, Lane Schwartz, Djamé Seddah, Wolfgang Seeker, Sven Sellmer, Mojgan Seraji, Magda Ševčíková, Petr Sgall, Syeda Shahzadi, Mo Shen, Atsuko Shimada, Gyu-Ho Shin, Hiroyuki Shirasu, Yana Shishkina, Muh Shohibussirri, Maria Shvedova, Jean Sibille, Janine Siewert, Einar Freyr Sigurðsson, João Silva, Aline Silveira, Natalia Silveira, Sara Silveira, Maria Simi, Radu Simionescu, Katalin Simkó, Mária Šimková, Haukur Barri Símonarson, Kiril Simov, Dmitri Sitchinava, Ted Sither, Aaron Smith, Isabela Soares-Bastos, Per Erik Solberg, Dolores Sollberger, Barbara Sonnenhauser, Shafi Sourov, Nina Speransky, Rachele Sprugnoli, Vivian Stamou, Steinþór Steingrímsson, Antonio Stella, Jan Štěpánek, Barbora Štěpánková, Abishek Stephen, Milan Straka, Omer Strass, Emmett Strickland, Jana Strnadová, Alane Suhr, Yogi Lesmana Sulestio, Umut Sulubacak, Hakyung Sung, Shingo Suzuki, Daniel Swanson, Zsolt Szántó, Chihiro Taguchi, Dima Taji, Luigi Talamo, Fabio Tamburini, Mary Ann C. Tan, Takaaki Tanaka, Dipta Tanaya, Mirko Tavoni, Nursena Teker, Samson Tella, Isabelle Tellier, Marinella Testori, Guillaume Thomas, Tarık Emre Tıraş, Thea Tollersrud, Sara Tonelli, Liisi Torga, Lucas Toribio, Marsida Toska, Trond Trosterud, Anna Trukhina, Reut Tsarfaty, Kira Tulchynska, Utku Türk, Francis Tyers, Sveinbjörn Þórðarson, Vilhjálmur Þorsteinsson, Sumire Uematsu, Roman Untilov, Zdeňka Urešová, Larraitz Uria, Hans Uszkoreit, Andrius Utka, Elena Vagnoni, Sowmya Vajjala, Socrates Vak, Socrates Vakirtzian, Rob van der Goot, Martine Vanhove, Daniel van Niekerk, Gertjan van Noord, Viktor Varga, Uliana Vedenina, Giulia Venturi, Marianne Vergez-Couret, Barbora Vidová Hladká, Eric Villemonte de la Clergerie, Veronika Vincze, Anishka Vissamsetty, Natalia Vlasova, Eleni Vligouridou, Aya Wakasa, Joel C. Wallenberg, Lars Wallin, Abigail Walsh, John Wang, Jonathan North Washington, Leonie Weissweiler, Maximilan Wendt, Paul Widmer, Shira Wigderson, Sri Hartati Wijono, Vanessa Berwanger Wille, Seyi Williams, Miriam Winkler, Shuly Wintner, Mats Wirén, Christian Wittern, Alena Witzlack-Makarevich, Tsegay Woldemariam, Tak-sum Wong, Alina Wróblewska, Qishen Wu, Mary Yako, Kayo Yamashita, Naoki Yamazaki, Chunxiao Yan, Xiulin Yang, Koichi Yasuoka, Marat M. Yavrumyan, Arife Betül Yenice, Enes Yılandiloğlu, Olcay Taner Yıldız, Zhuoran Yu, Arlisa Yuliawati, Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Shorouq Zahra, Amir Zeldes, He Zhou, Hanzhi Zhu, Yilun Zhu, Anna Zhuravleva, Rayan Ziane, Artūrs Znotiņš References Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher Manning, Joakim Nivre, Daniel Zeman. 2021. Universal Dependencies. In Computational Linguistics 47:2, pp. 255–308. Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter, Jan Hajič, Christopher D. Manning, Sampo Pyysalo, Sebastian Schuster, Francis Tyers, Daniel Zeman. 2020. Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection. In Proceedings of LREC. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Bill MacCartney, and Christopher D. Manning. 2006. Generating typed dependency parses from phrase structure parses. In Proceedings of LREC. Marie-Catherine de Marneffe and Christopher D. Manning. 2008. The Stanford typed dependencies representation. In COLING Workshop on Cross-framework and Cross-domain Parser Evaluation. Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Timothy Dozat, Natalia Silveira, Katri Haverinen, Filip Ginter, Joakim Nivre, and Christopher Manning. 2014. Universal Stanford Dependencies: A cross-linguistic typology. In Proceedings of LREC. Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter, Yoav Goldberg, Jan Hajič, Christopher D. Manning, Ryan McDonald, Slav Petrov, Sampo Pyysalo, Natalia Silveira, Reut Tsarfaty, Daniel Zeman. 2016. Universal Dependencies v1: A Multilingual Treebank Collection. In Proceedings of LREC. Slav Petrov, Dipanjan Das, and Ryan McDonald. 2012. A universal part-of-speech tagset. In Proceedings of LREC. Daniel Zeman. 2008. Reusable Tagset Conversion Using Tagset Drivers. In Proceedings of LREC.

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May 2025 Newsletter - LDC
by Penn LDC 15 May '25

15 May '25

In this newsletter: New publications: BOLT CTS CALLFRIEND CALLHOME Mandarin Chinese Audio<https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2025S04> BOLT CTS CALLFRIEND CALLHOME Mandarin Chinese Transcripts and Translations<https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2025T05> ________________________________ New publications: BOLT CTS CALLFRIEND CALLHOME Mainland Mandarin Chinese Audio<https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2025S04> was developed by LDC and consists of 93 hours of speech from 236 unscripted telephone conversations between native speakers of the Mandarin Chinese dialect spoken in mainland China. The calls were collected by LDC in the CALLFRIEND and CALLHOME series where participants called family members or close friends and spoke on topics of their choice. Around 60% of the recordings (141 calls) are publicly released for the first time. The remaining 95 recordings were previously published by LDC in various CALLFRIEND, CALLHOME, and HUB5 Mandarin datasets. The data is divided into training, development, and evaluation partitions. The DARPA BOLT (Broad Operational Language Translation) program developed machine translation and information retrieval for less formal genres, focusing particularly on user-generated content. LDC supported the BOLT program by collecting informal data sources -- discussion forums, conversational telephone speech, text messaging, and chat -- in Chinese, Egyptian Arabic, and English. The material in this release represents the unannotated Chinese source conversational telephone speech. The telephone data was transcribed, translated, and annotated for various tasks in the BOLT program including word alignment, treebanking, and co-reference. 2025 members can access this corpus through their LDC accounts. Non-members may license this data for a fee. * BOLT CTS CALLFRIEND CALLHOME Mainland Mandarin Chinese Transcripts and Translations<https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2025T05> contains transcripts and corresponding English translations for the conversational telephone speech in BOLT CTS CALLFRIEND CALLHOME Mandarin Chinese Audio<https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/LDC2025S04> and was developed by LDC to support the DARPA BOLT program. Transcribers were required to produce a verbatim transcript of all speech within a file using simplified Chinese orthography and to add minimal markup to capture salient features of the speech. Some transcripts include redactions for potential personally identifying information. All speech data was transcribed and is divided into training, development, and evaluation partitions. The goal of the BOLT translation task was to translate the Chinese transcripts into fluent English while preserving the meaning present in the original Chinese text. Transcripts in the development and evaluation partitions received first pass and gold standard translations. 89% of the transcripts were translated into English. 2025 members can access this corpus through their LDC accounts. Non-members may license this data for a fee. To unsubscribe from this newsletter, log in to your LDC account<https://catalog.ldc.upenn.edu/login> and uncheck the box next to "Receive Newsletter" under Account Options or contact LDC for assistance. Membership Coordinator Linguistic Data Consortium<ldc.upenn.edu> University of Pennsylvania T: +1-215-573-1275 E: ldc(a)ldc.upenn.edu<mailto:ldc@ldc.upenn.edu> M: 3600 Market St. Suite 810 Philadelphia, PA 19104

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Open Positions: Phd Candidate and PostDoc in Project on Multilingual Tokenization
by Beinborn, Lisa 15 May '25

15 May '25

We have open positions in a new 3-year project on multilingual tokenization. It is a collaboration between Miryam de Lhoneux (Leuven, Belgium) and Lisa Beinborn (Göttingen, Germany) funded jointly by FWO and DFG. Application deadline is June 6th, positions remain open until filled. For more information see: PhD candidate position in Göttingen: https://www.uni-goettingen.de/de/644546.html?&details=3091 PostDoc position in Belgium: https://www.kuleuven.be/personeel/jobsite/jobs/60477935 We are looking forward to your applications. Best regards, Lisa Beinborn ------------------------------------------------- Prof. Dr. Lisa Beinborn Human-Centered Data Science https://www.uni-goettingen.de/huds Institute for Computer Science University of Göttingen -------------------------------------------------

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Curricular internship on Evaluating LLMs @FBK - Trento - Italy
by Leonardo Sanna 15 May '25

15 May '25

Looking for an internship or a cool thesis topic? The IDA Research Group - FBK <https://ida.fbk.eu/> is looking for a brilliant young student to join us for a *curricular internship* on evaluating Large Language Models! You can see more information on the dedicated page <https://jobs.fbk.eu/Annunci/Offerte_di_lavoro_Large_Language_Models_Evaluat…> . Remote/Hybrid work might be considered. We welcome both students from the humanities and the computer science area. Examples, but not limited to, include: - Linguistics - Communication Sciences - Philosophy of Language - Artificial Intelligence - Data Science - Natural Language Processing - Information Retrieval Proficiency in both Italian and English is required, with fluency in at least one language (C1) and a good working knowledge of the other (B1). Knowledge of other languages is a plus. Feel free to drop me an email if you have any questions. You can apply on the website <https://jobs.fbk.eu/Annunci/Offerte_di_lavoro_Large_Language_Models_Evaluat…> or send me your CV if you prefer. -- *Leonardo Sanna* Researcher | *Intelligent Digital Agents (IDA) Research Group* Via Sommarive 18, 38123, Povo, Trento, Italy Tel. / Whatsapp +39 3516760260 -- -- Le informazioni contenute nella presente comunicazione sono di natura privata e come tali sono da considerarsi riservate ed indirizzate esclusivamente ai destinatari indicati e per le finalità strettamente legate al relativo contenuto. Se avete ricevuto questo messaggio per errore, vi preghiamo di eliminarlo e di inviare una comunicazione all’indirizzo e-mail del mittente. -- The information transmitted is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may contain confidential and/or privileged material. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete the material.

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LeWiDi: Shared task on Learning With Disagreement
by Casola, Silvia 15 May '25

15 May '25

LeWiDi: Shared task on Learning With Disagreement We'd like to invite researchers in disagreement and variation to participate in the third edition of the LeWidi shared tasks held in conjunction with the NLPerspectives workshop at the EMNLP conference in Suzhou, China. The LeWiDi series is positioned within the growing body of research that questions the practice of label harmonization and the reliance on a single ground truth in AI and NLP. This year's shared task challenges participants to leverage both instance-level disagreement and annotator-level information in classification. The proposed tasks include ones that address disagreement in both generation and labeling—with a dataset for Natural Language Inference (NLI) and another for paraphrase detection—as well as subjective tasks, including irony and sarcasm detection. ==== Subtasks and datasets ==== Participants will be able to submit to subtasks exploring different types of disagreement through dedicated datasets: 1. The Conversational Sarcasm corpus (CSC) – a dataset of context+response pairs rated for sarcasm, with ratings from 1 to 6. 2. The MultiPico dataset (MP) – a crowdsourced multilingual irony detection dataset. Annotators were tasked to detect whether a reply was ironic in the context of a brief post-reply exchange on social media. Annotators ids and metadata (gender, age, nationality, etc) are available. Languages include Arabic, German, English, Spanish, French, Hindi, Italian, Dutch, and Portuguese. 3. The Paraphrase dataset (Par) – a dataset of question pairs for which the annotators had to tell whether the two questions are paraphrases of each other, using values on a Likert scale. 4. TheVariErrNLI dataset (VariErrNLI) – a dataset originally designed for automatic error detection, distinguishing between annotation errors and legitimate human label variations in Natural Language Inference. Participants will be able to submit to one or multiple datasets. ==== Tasks and Evaluation ==== In this edition, only soft evaluation metrics will be used. We will however experiment with two forms of tasks and evaluation: * TASK A (SOFT LABEL PREDICTION): Systems will be asked to output a probability distribution of the values. EVALUATION: the distance between this predicted soft label and that resulting from human annotations will be computed. * TASK B (PERSPECTIVIST PREDICTION): Systems will be asked to predict each annotator's label on items. EVALUATION: a measure of correctness of the predictions Participants will be able to submit to one or both tasks. ==== Important Dates ==== Training data ready May 15th 2025 Evaluation Starts June 20th 2025 Evaluation Ends July 15th 2025 Paper submission due TBA Notification to authors: TBA NLPerspectives workshop: November 12-14, 2025 We are looking forward to your submission! The LeWidi team

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Changed URL for the UCL Summer School in English Corpus Linguistics
by Aarts, Bas 14 May '25

14 May '25

The URL for the Summer School has changed! The Survey of English Usage at University College London will be running its 12th Summer School in English Corpus Linguistics online from 25-27 June 2025. This Summer School is an accessible and inspiring introductory course in English Corpus Linguistics for students of linguistics and students of the English language. The course will be taught online over three days in the morning (UK time). The course consists of theoretical and practical sessions. Students are expected to have a basic knowledge of concepts in linguistics, especially grammar. Places are limited. Be sure to book early to get the early bird rate before the end of May. For students in full-time education the course fee includes a free copy of either the ICE-GB Corpus (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/english/research-projects/2025/may/ice-gb) or the DCPSE Corpus (https://www.ucl.ac.uk/english-usage/projects/dcpse), with the associated exploration software ICECUP. For more information about the course, provisional timetable and how to apply, see: https://www.ucl.ac.uk/english/summer-school-english-corpus-linguistics

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Postdoc positions in computational social science (Linköping University, Sweden)
by Marcel Bollmann 14 May '25

14 May '25

Linköping University (Sweden) has open calls for one or more two-year postdoc positions (with the possibility of extension to a third year) within the Swedish Excellence Centre for Computational Social Science (SweCSS)<https://liu.se/en/research/swecss>, a joint initiative between the Institute for Analytical Sociology and the Department of Computer Science. These positions are not limited to NLP, but can be based at the LiU NLP Group<https://liu-nlp.ai/> (or involve close collaboration with us) if the candidate indicates this. The positions are also not constrained to a particular research topic, but expertise in and plans for future research within computational social science are required. Application deadline is June 3, 2025. There are two separate calls, one from each involved department — more information about the requirements, work environment, and application procedure can be found at the respective links: * Apply at the Department of Computer Science (IDA): https://liu.se/en/work-at-liu/vacancies/26852 ⟵ NLP group is based here :) * Apply at the Institute for Analytical Sociology (IAS): https://liu.se/en/work-at-liu/vacancies/26854 -- Marcel Bollmann, Dr. phil. Associate Professor in Natural Language Processing Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University, Sweden www: https://marcel.bollmann.me/

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[CfP] SEMANTiCS 2025: Call for Industry & Use Case Presentations (Extended Deadline: June 1)
by Kossi Amouzouvi 14 May '25

14 May '25

Call for Industry & Use Case Presentations The Industry & Use Case track at SEMANTiCS welcomes submissions that present use cases and industry adoption of semantic technology. Solutions that deal with semantic processing of data and/or information in areas like Linked Data, Knowledge Graphs, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Data Publishing, Thesaurus and/or Ontology management, and any related fields. All submissions have a strong focus on real world applications beyond the prototypical status and demonstrate the power of semantic systems! *Important dates* - *(Extended) Submission Deadline:* June 1, 2025 (11:59pm) - *Notification of Acceptance:* June 13, 2025 (11:59 pm) - *Presentation Ready:* August 18, 2025 (11:59 pm) All deadlines are set for 11:59 pm, Anywhere On Earth time (UTC-12) *Submission via Easychair on* *https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=semantics2025* <https://easychair.org/conferences/?conf=semantics2025>. Please notice that a paper abstract is not necessary, as your submission will only include a presentation at SEMANTiCS and not a paper. Any submission should contain a summary of 200 to 300 words that will be used in the final program. Your submission must also include a full page description of the use case you want to present, in particular: initial situation, approach, business value and benefits of the semantic solution, prospects and recommendation. Submissions that don’t meet these requirements cannot be taken into account. Via Easychair, you can enter your summary in the field “Abstract”, and the full page description via the “upload paper” button. The summary will appear in the program on the webpage, the full page description will only be used in the selection process. *Topics of Interest* SEMANTiCS 2025 especially invites contributions that target the following main topics in the context of semantic-based research and systems as well as applicative domains. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to: - Large Language Models (LLM) combined with Knowledge Graphs - Enterprise Knowledge Graphs, Graph Data Management - Machine Learning Techniques for/using Knowledge Graphs (e.g. reinforcement learning, deep learning, data mining and knowledge discovery) - Knowledge Management (e.g. acquisition, capture, extraction, authoring, integration, publication) - Reasoning, rules and policies - Web Semantics & Linked (Open) Data - Natural Language Processing for/using Knowledge Graphs - Crowdsourcing for/using Knowledge Graphs - Semantics in Data Science - Trust, Data Privacy, and Security with Semantic Technologies - Authentication of knowledge graphs - IoT and Stream Processing, Linked Data Event Streams - Conversational AI and Dialogue Systems - Provenance and Data Change Tracking - Semantic Interoperability (via mapping, crosswalks, standards, etc.) *Author Guidelines and Submission* - This call for presentations reaches out to professionals in the areas related to the topics of SEMANTiCS for proposals to present industry implementations, best practices and use case prototypes, to discuss semantic systems in birds-of-a-feather sessions as well as informal settings. Additionally, we explicitly encourage the submission of software applications, apps or services that demonstrate the usefulness and benefits of semantic technologies and semantic data management. - To contribute a submission for a presentation at SEMANTiCS 2025 please prepare the following: Fill out the online application at Easychair and give us relevant information about your expertise and your professional background. - Please notice that a paper abstract is not necessary, as your submission will only include a presentation at SEMANTiCS and not a paper. Any submission should contain a summary of 200 to 300 words that will be used in the final program. Your submission must also include a full page description of the use case you want to present, iIn particular: initial situation, approach, business value and benefits of the semantic solution, prospects and recommendation. Submissions that don’t meet these requirements cannot be taken into account. - Via Easychair, you can enter your summary in the field “Abstract”, and the full page description via the “upload paper” button. The summary will appear in the program on the webpage, the full page description will only be used in the selection process. - All accepted submissions will be granted a presentation slot at the main conference. Please stick to this time pattern when preparing your talk. This is the only way we can guarantee a smooth and satisfying programme and allow all conference participants to attend as many slots as possible without missing important information. - Submissions must adhere to the fair use of Large Language Models. Please refer to the SEMANTiCS full policy for more details: https://2025-eu.semantics.cc/page/llm-policy When your submission is accepted and you are preparing your talk, please take care to address the following aspects: - *Initial Situation *What kind of challenge did you face in the beginning of the project? What problems needed to be solved? - *Approach and IT-Solution *Which approach and methodology has been chosen to tackle the problem(s)? How is your solution composed with respect to technological aspects / human aspects / organisational aspects? How do the semantic components support the process from data to knowledge? - *Success Criteria for / Benefit of the Semantic Solution *Which factors (conscious and unconscious) have been crucial to the success of your project? Which obstacles did you face? How can you measure the benefit of your solution? How does the organisation benefit from your solution? - *Prospects and Recommendations *What are the next steps planned in your project? Can you give recommendations with respect to development / deployment of semantic solutions within organisational / corporate settings? - *Demo (if applicable) *Prepare a short demonstration of your tool / service. *Review and Evaluation Criteria* Every submission will be reviewed by the Programme Committee. Submissions to this track will be evaluated according to the following criteria: - Your presentation is relevant to industry and industrial purposes. It illustrates how semantic technologies / solutions contribute to or improve existing businesses and / or generate new ones. - The presented solution has already been deployed and / or has been tested in a practical environment – at least prototypically. - Your presentation is well-structured and does bring across its message. - The topic is well described and covers enough explanations, examples, use cases, graphics, etc. - Novelty: The topic covered is new to your industry – not necessarily new to business in general In case your presentation will be accepted, we will provide you with detailed information on organisational matters according to the selection of submissions and conference participation. We are looking forward to your contribution! Marco Brattinga Artem Revenko *Industry & Use Case Track Chairs* -- DISCLAIMER: The contents of this email and any attachments are confidential. They are intended for the named recipient(s) only. If you have received this email by mistake, please notify the sender immediately and you are herewith notified that the contents are legally privileged and that you do not have permission to disclose the contents to anyone, make copies thereof, retain or distribute or act upon it by any means, electronically, digitally or in print. The views expressed in this communication may be of a personal nature and not be representative of AIMS-NEI and/or any of its Centres or Initiatives.

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Call for participation: Automatic Detection of Borrowings test set released (ADoBo 2025)
by ELENA ALVAREZ MELLADO 14 May '25

14 May '25

The test set for ADoBo 2025 shared task on automatic detection of borrowings in Spanish has been released and is now live on Codabench. https://www.codabench.org/competitions/7284/ To gain access to the data, make submissions and check the leaderboard please join the competition at Codabench. Systems submissions will be due on May 26th. Updates on the task will be announced on ADoBo website and Google group. https://adobo-task.github.io/ https://groups.google.com/g/adobo-task TIMELINE April 21: Dev set released.<https://www.codabench.org/competitions/7284/> May 12: Test set released<https://www.codabench.org/competitions/7284/>. May 26: Systems output submissions. June 9: Working notes paper submission. June 16: Notification of acceptance (peer-reviews). June 23: Camera ready paper submission. September: ADoBo results to be presented at IberLEF 2025. ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE Elena Álvarez-Mellado, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). Julio Gonzalo, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED). Constantine Lignos, Brandeis University. Jordi Porta-Zamorano, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). AVISO LEGAL. Este mensaje puede contener información reservada y confidencial. Si usted no es el destinatario no está autorizado a copiar, reproducir o distribuir este mensaje ni su contenido. Si ha recibido este mensaje por error, le rogamos que lo notifique al remitente. Le informamos de que sus datos personales, que puedan constar en este mensaje, serán tratados en calidad de responsable de tratamiento por la UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN A DISTANCIA (UNED) c/ Bravo Murillo, 38, 28015-MADRID-, con la finalidad de mantener el contacto con usted. La base jurídica que legitima este tratamiento, será su consentimiento, el interés legítimo o la necesidad para gestionar una relación contractual o similar. En cualquier momento podrá ejercer sus derechos de acceso, rectificación, supresión, oposición, limitación al tratamiento o portabilidad de los datos, ante la UNED, Oficina de Protección de datos<https://www.uned.es/dpj>, o a través de la Sede electrónica<https://sede.uned.es/> de la Universidad. Para más información visite nuestra Política de Privacidad<https://descargas.uned.es/publico/pdf/Politica_privacidad_UNED.pdf>.

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ELLIS ESSIR 2025 – European Summer School on Information Retrieval
by Ingo Frommholz 14 May '25

14 May '25

Join us in Wolverhampton for a week of IR, AI, NLP, HCI and lots of discussion with experts in a friendly environment! ELLIS ESSIR 2025, the European Summer School on Information Retrieval, will take place July 7-11 in Wolverhampton, UK. https://2025.essir.eu/ The registration is open – https://2025.essir.eu/attending/registration Travel support is available – https://2025.essir.eu/attending/travel-support About the School The European Summer School on Information Retrieval (ESSIR) is held regularly, providing high-quality teaching of Information Retrieval (IR) and advanced IR topics to an audience of researchers and research students. The mission of the school is to enable students to learn about modern research challenges and methods on IR and related disciplines like AI and NLP; to stimulate scientific research and collaboration in these fields; and to grow a community of researchers, students, and industry professionals working on IR with collaborations all around the world. ELLIS ESSIR will offer a rich programme of high-profile and world leading lecturers in Information Retrieval, NLP and AI. Taught topics include: Introduction to Information Retrieval and Evaluation Generative AI and Information Retrieval Scholarly Document Processing and Retrieval UX and HCI with Information Retrieval Neural Re-ranking RAG and agentic IR Explainability in AI The Future Directions in Information Access (FDIA 2025) symposium will be held along ESSIR. More info later. Please visit https://2025.essir.eu/ for further information, travel support and registration. For additional enquiries, please contact essir-2025(a)googlegroups.com <mailto:essir-2025@googlegroups.com>. We are looking forward to welcoming you in Wolverhampton! -- Prof. Dr. Ingo Frommholz (he/him), PhD, Dipl.-Inform., FBCS, FHEA Professor of Applied Data Science, Modul University Vienna, Austria Adjunct Professor, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland Web: http://www.frommholz.org/ | Email: ifrommholz(a)acm.org Bluesky: @ifromm.bsky.social | Mastodon: @ingo@idf.social

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