----- Original Message -----
We are very happy to announce the twentieth release of annotated treebanks in Universal Dependencies, v2.14, available at https://universaldependencies.org/.
Universal Dependencies is a project that seeks to develop cross-linguistically consistent treebank annotation for many languages with the goal of facilitating multilingual parser development, cross-lingual learning, and parsing research from a language typology perspective (de Marneffe et al., 2021; Nivre et al., 2020). The annotation scheme is based on (universal) Stanford dependencies (de Marneffe et al., 2006, 2008, 2014), Google universal part-of-speech
tags
(Petrov et al., 2012), and the Interset interlingua for
morphosyntactic
tagsets (Zeman, 2008). The general philosophy is to provide a
universal
inventory of categories and guidelines to facilitate consistent annotation of similar constructions across languages, while allowing language-specific extensions when necessary.
The *283* treebanks in v2.14 are annotated according to version 2 of
the
UD guidelines and represent the following *161* languages: Abaza, Abkhaz, Afrikaans, Akkadian, Akuntsu, Albanian, Amharic, Ancient Greek,
Ancient Hebrew, Apurina, Arabic, Armenian, Assyrian, Azerbaijani, Bambara, Basque, Bavarian, Beja, Belarusian, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Bororo,
Breton, Bulgarian, Buryat, Cantonese, Cappadocian, Catalan, Cebuano, Chinese, Chukchi, Classical Armenian, Classical Chinese, Coptic, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Egyptian, English, Erzya, Estonian, Faroese, Finnish, French, Frisian Dutch, Galician, Georgian, German, Gheg, Gothic, Greek, Guajajara, Guarani, Gujarati, Haitian Creole, Hausa, Hebrew, Highland Puebla Nahuatl, Hindi, Hittite, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Javanese, Kaapor, Kangri, Karelian, Karo, Kazakh, Khunsari, Kiche, Komi Permyak, Komi Zyrian, Korean, Kurmanji, Kyrgyz, Latgalian, Latin, Latvian, Ligurian, Lithuanian, Livvi, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Madi,
Maghrebi
Arabic French, Makurap, Malayalam, Maltese, Manx, Marathi, Mbya
Guarani,
Middle French, Moksha, Munduruku, Naija, Nayini, Neapolitan, Nheengatu,
North Sami, Norwegian, Old Church Slavonic, Old East Slavic, Old
French,
Old Irish, Old Turkish, Ottoman Turkish, Paumari, Persian, Polish, Pomak, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Serbian, Sinhala, Skolt Sami, Slovak, Slovenian, Soi, South Levantine Arabic, Spanish, Swedish, Swedish Sign Language, Swiss German, Tagalog,
Tamil, Tatar, Teko, Telugu, Telugu English, Thai, Tswana, Tupinamba, Turkish, Turkish German, Ukrainian, Umbrian, Upper Sorbian, Urdu, Uyghur, Veps, Vietnamese, Warlpiri, Welsh, Western Armenian, Western Sierra Puebla Nahuatl, Wolof, Xavante, Xibe, Yakut, Yoruba, Yupik and Zaar. The 161 languages belong to *31* families: Afro-Asiatic,
Arawakan,
Arawan, Austro-Asiatic, Austronesian, Basque, Bororoan, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Code switching, Creole, Dravidian, Eskimo-Aleut, Indo-European, Japanese, Kartvelian, Korean, Macro-Je, Mande, Mayan, Mongolic, Niger-Congo, Northwest Caucasian, Pama-Nyungan, Sign
Language,
Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, Tungusic, Tupian, Turkic, Uralic and Uto-Aztecan. Depending on the language, the treebanks range in size
from
less than 1,000 tokens to over 3 million tokens. We expect the next release to be available in November 2024.
The size of the following 39 treebanks changed significantly since the last release: Abkhaz AbNC : 0 → 2444 Azerbaijani TueCL : 0 → 656 Bavarian MaiBaam : 0 → 15024 Beja NSC : 1206 → 5888 Bororo BDT : 1905 → 6993 Cappadocian TueCL : 0 → 4118 Classical Armenian CAVaL: 13522 → 81996 Classical Chinese TueCL : 0 → 648 Dutch LassySmall : 98241 → 297486 Egyptian UJaen : 0 → 5515 English CTeTex : 0 → 9273 English GUM : 187522 → 212035 Galician PUD : 0 → 23510 Gujarati GujTB : 0 → 1885 Hausa NorthernAutogramm : 0 → 3919 Hausa SouthernAutogramm : 0 → 14585 Italian Old : 41367 → 82644 Kyrgyz TueCL : 0 → 1001 Latgalian Cairo : 0 → 173 Latin CIRCSE : 0 → 18968 Latvian Cairo : 0 → 171 Low Saxon LSDC : 4683 → 22639 Luxembourgish LuxBank : 0 → 206 Nheengatu CompLin : 12743 → 15036 Old East Slavic RNC : 48647 → 95551 Old Turkish Clausal : 0 → 158 Old Turkish Tonqq : 158 → 0 Ottoman Turkish BOUN : 0 → 8814 Ottoman Turkish DUDU : 0 → 813 Paumari TueCL : 0 → 504 Pomak Philotis : 86780 → 34348 Romanian TueCL : 0 → 4417 Sanskrit Vedic : 27117 → 206440 Slovenian SST : 29488 → 76341 Spanish COSER : 0 → 8073 Telugu English TECT : 0 → 456 Tswana Popapolelo : 0 → 214 Vietnamese TueCL : 0 → 1888 Zaar Autogramm : 7625 → 17682
In total, the new release contains *1,906,050* sentences, 31,541,523 surface tokens and *32,179,731* syntactic words.
Daniel Zeman, Joakim Nivre, Mitchell Abrams, Elia Ackermann, Noëmi Aepli, Hamid Aghaei, Željko Agić, Amir Ahmadi, Lars Ahrenberg, Chika Kennedy Ajede, Salih Furkan Akkurt, Gabrielė Aleksandravičiūtė, Ika Alfina, Avner Algom, Khalid Alnajjar, Chiara Alzetta, Erik Andersen, Lene Antonsen, Tatsuya Aoyama, Katya Aplonova, Angelina Aquino,
Carolina
Aragon, Glyd Aranes, Maria Jesus Aranzabe, Bilge Nas Arıcan, Þórunn Arnardóttir, Gashaw Arutie, Jessica Naraiswari Arwidarasti, Masayuki Asahara, Katla Ásgeirsdóttir, Deniz Baran Aslan, Cengiz Asmazoğlu,
Luma
Ateyah, Furkan Atmaca, Mohammed Attia, Aitziber Atutxa, Liesbeth Augustinus, Mariana Avelãs, Elena Badmaeva, Keerthana Balasubramani, Miguel Ballesteros, Esha Banerjee, Sebastian Bank, Verginica Barbu Mititelu, Starkaður Barkarson, Rodolfo Basile, Victoria Basmov, Colin Batchelor, John Bauer, Seyyit Talha Bedir, Shabnam Behzad, Juan
Belieni,
Kepa Bengoetxea, İbrahim Benli, Yifat Ben Moshe, Ansu Berg, Gözde Berk,
Riyaz Ahmad Bhat, Erica Biagetti, Eckhard Bick, Agnė Bielinskienė,
Esma
Fatıma Bilgin Taşdemir, Kristín Bjarnadóttir, Verena Blaschke, Rogier Blokland, Victoria Bobicev, Loïc Boizou, Johnatan Bonilla, Emanuel Borges Völker, Carl Börstell, Cristina Bosco, Gosse Bouma, Sam Bowman, Adriane Boyd, Anouck Braggaar, António Branco, Kristina Brokaitė, Aljoscha Burchardt, Marisa Campos, Marie Candito, Bernard Caron, Gauthier Caron, Catarina Carvalheiro, Rita Carvalho, Lauren Cassidy, Maria Clara Castro, Sérgio Castro, Tatiana Cavalcanti, Gülşen Cebiroğ
lu
Eryiğit, Flavio Massimiliano Cecchini, Giuseppe G. A. Celano, Slavomír Čéplö, Neslihan Cesur, Savas Cetin, Özlem Çetinoğlu, Fabricio Chalub, Liyanage Chamila, Shweta Chauhan, Yifei Chen, Ethan Chi, Taishi Chika, Yongseok Cho, Jinho Choi, Bermet Chontaeva, Jayeol Chun, Juyeon Chung, Alessandra T. Cignarella, Silvie Cinková, Aurélie Collomb, Çağrı Çöltekin, Miriam Connor, Claudia Corbetta, Daniela Corbetta, Francisco Costa, Marine Courtin, Benoît Crabbé, Mihaela Cristescu, Vladimir Cvetkoski, Ingerid Løyning Dale, Philemon Daniel, Elizabeth Davidson, Leonel Figueiredo de Alencar, Mathieu Dehouck, Martina de Laurentiis, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Valeria de Paiva, Mehmet Oguz Derin,
Elvis
de Souza, Arantza Diaz de Ilarraza, Roberto Antonio Díaz Hernández, Carly Dickerson, Arawinda Dinakaramani, Elisa Di Nuovo, Bamba Dione, Peter Dirix, Hoa Do, Kaja Dobrovoljc, Caroline Döhmer, Adrian Doyle, Timothy Dozat, Kira Droganova, Magali Sanches Duran, Puneet Dwivedi, Christian Ebert, Hanne Eckhoff, Masaki Eguchi, Sandra Eiche, Roald Eiselen, Marhaba Eli, Ali Elkahky, Binyam Ephrem, Olga Erina, Tomaž Erjavec, Soudabeh Eslami, Farah Essaidi, Aline Etienne, Wograine
Evelyn,
Sidney Facundes, Richárd Farkas, Federica Favero, Jannatul Ferdaousi, Marília Fernanda, Hector Fernandez Alcalde, Amal Fethi, Jennifer
Foster,
Theodorus Fransen, Cláudia Freitas, Kazunori Fujita, Katarína Gajdošov
á,
Daniel Galbraith, Edith Galy, Federica Gamba, Marcos Garcia, Moa Gärdenfors, Tanja Gaustad, Efe Eren Genç, Fabrício Ferraz Gerardi, Kim Gerdes, Luke Gessler, Filip Ginter, Gustavo Godoy, Iakes Goenaga,
Koldo
Gojenola, Memduh Gökırmak, Yoav Goldberg, Xavier Gómez Guinovart,
Berta
González Saavedra, Bernadeta Griciūtė, Matias Grioni, Loïc Grobol, Normunds Grūzītis, Bruno Guillaume, Kirian Guiller, Céline Guillot-Barbance, Tunga Güngör, Nizar Habash, Hinrik Hafsteinsson, Jan Hajič, Jan Hajič jr., Mika Hämäläinen, Linh Hà Mỹ, Na-Rae Han,
Muhammad
Yudistira Hanifmuti, Takahiro Harada, Sam Hardwick, Kim Harris, Naïma Hassert, Dag Haug, Johannes Heinecke, Oliver Hellwig, Felix Hennig, Barbora Hladká, Jaroslava Hlaváčová, Florinel Hociung, Diana Hoefels, Petter Hohle, Yidi Huang, Marivel Huerta Mendez, Jena Hwang, Takumi Ikeda, Inessa Iliadou, Anton Karl Ingason, Radu Ion, Elena Irimia, Ọlájídé Ishola, Artan Islamaj, Kaoru Ito, Federica Iurescia, Sandra Jagodzińska, Siratun Jannat, Tomáš Jelínek, Apoorva Jha, Katharine Jiang, Mayank Jobanputra, Anders Johannsen, Hildur Jónsdóttir, Fredrik Jørgensen, Markus Juutinen, Hüner Kaşıkara, Nadezhda Kabaeva, Sylvain Kahane, Hiroshi Kanayama, Jenna Kanerva, Neslihan Kara, Ritván Karahóǧ
a,
Andre Kåsen, Tolga Kayadelen, Sarveswaran Kengatharaiyer, Václava Kettnerová, Lilit Kharatyan, Jesse Kirchner, Elena Klementieva, Elena Klyachko, Petr Kocharov, Arne Köhn, Abdullatif Köksal, Kamil
Kopacewicz,
Timo Korkiakangas, Mehmet Köse, Alexey Koshevoy, Natalia Kotsyba, Barbara Kovačić, Jolanta Kovalevskaitė, Simon Krek, Parameswari Krishnamurthy, Sandra Kübler, Adrian Kuqi, Oğuzhan Kuyrukçu, Aslı Kuzgun, Sookyoung Kwak, Kris Kyle, Käbi Laan, Veronika Laippala,
Lorenzo
Lambertino, Tatiana Lando, Septina Dian Larasati, Alexei Lavrentiev, John Lee, Phương Lê Hồng, Alessandro Lenci, Saran Lertpradit, Herman Leung, Maria Levina, Lauren Levine, Cheuk Ying Li, Josie Li, Keying Li,
Yixuan Li, Yuan Li, KyungTae Lim, Bruna Lima Padovani, Yi-Ju Jessica Lin, Krister Lindén, Yang Janet Liu, Nikola Ljubešić, Irina
Lobzhanidze,
Olga Loginova, Lucelene Lopes, Stefano Lusito, Anne-Marie Lutgen,
Andry
Luthfi, Mikko Luukko, Olga Lyashevskaya, Teresa Lynn, Vivien Macketanz,
Menel Mahamdi, Jean Maillard, Ilya Makarchuk, Aibek Makazhanov, Francesco Mambrini, Michael Mandl, Christopher Manning, Ruli Manurung, Büşra Marşan, Cătălina Mărănduc, David Mareček, Katrin Marheinecke, Stella Markantonatou, Héctor Martínez Alonso, Lorena Martín Rodríguez, André Martins, Cláudia Martins, Jan Mašek, Hiroshi Matsuda, Yuji Matsumoto, Alessandro Mazzei, Ryan McDonald, Sarah McGuinness, Maitrey Mehta, Pierre André Ménard, Gustavo Mendonça, Tatiana Merzhevich, Paul Meurer, Niko Miekka, Emilia Milano, Aaron Miller, Karina Mischenkova, Anna Missilä, Cătălin Mititelu, Maria Mitrofan, Yusuke Miyao, AmirHossein Mojiri Foroushani, Judit Molnár, Amirsaeid Moloodi, Simonetta Montemagni, Amir More, Laura Moreno Romero, Giovanni Moretti,
Shinsuke Mori, Tomohiko Morioka, Shigeki Moro, Bjartur Mortensen,
Bohdan
Moskalevskyi, Kadri Muischnek, Robert Munro, Yugo Murawaki, Kaili Müürisep, Pinkey Nainwani, Mariam Nakhlé, Juan Ignacio Navarro Horñiacek, Anna Nedoluzhko, Gunta Nešpore-Bērzkalne, Manuela Nevaci, Lương Nguyễn Thị, Huyền Nguyễn Thị Minh, Yoshihiro Nikaido, Vitaly Nikolaev, Rattima Nitisaroj, Victor Norrman, Alireza Nourian, Maria
das
Graças Volpe Nunes, Hanna Nurmi, Stina Ojala, Atul Kr. Ojha, Hulda Óladóttir, Adédayọ̀ Olúòkun, Mai Omura, Emeka Onwuegbuzia, Noam Ordan, Petya Osenova, Robert Östling, Annika Ott, Lilja Øvrelid, Şaziye Betül Özateş, Merve Özçelik, Arzucan Özgür, Balkız Öztürk Başaran, Teresa Paccosi, Alessio Palmero Aprosio, Anastasia Panova, Thiago Alexandre Salgueiro Pardo, Hyunji Hayley Park, Niko Partanen, Elena Pascual,
Marco
Passarotti, Agnieszka Patejuk, Guilherme Paulino-Passos, Giulia Pedonese, Angelika Peljak-Łapińska, Siyao Peng, Siyao Logan Peng, Rita Pereira, Sílvia Pereira, Cenel-Augusto Perez, Natalia Perkova, Guy Perrier, Slav Petrov, Daria Petrova, Andrea Peverelli, Jason Phelan, Claudel Pierre-Louis, Jussi Piitulainen, Yuval Pinter, Clara Pinto, Rodrigo Pintucci, Tommi A Pirinen, Emily Pitler, Magdalena Plamada, Barbara Plank, Alistair Plum, Thierry Poibeau, Larisa Ponomareva,
Martin
Popel, Lauma Pretkalniņa, Rigardt Pretorius, Sophie Prévost, Prokopis Prokopidis, Adam Przepiórkowski, Robert Pugh, Tiina Puolakainen, Christoph Purschke, Sampo Pyysalo, Peng Qi, Andreia Querido, Andriela Rääbis, Alexandre Rademaker, Mizanur Rahoman, Taraka Rama, Loganathan Ramasamy, Carlos Ramisch, Joana Ramos, Fam Rashel, Mohammad Sadegh Rasooli, Vinit Ravishankar, Livy Real, Petru Rebeja, Siva Reddy, Mathilde Regnault, Georg Rehm, Arij Riabi, Ivan Riabov, Michael Rieß
ler,
Erika Rimkutė, Larissa Rinaldi, Laura Rituma, Putri Rizqiyah, Luisa Rocha, Eiríkur Rögnvaldsson, Ivan Roksandic, Mykhailo Romanenko,
Rudolf
Rosa, Valentin Roșca, Davide Rovati, Ben Rozonoyer, Olga Rudina, Jack Rueter, Paolo Ruffolo, Kristján Rúnarsson, Shoval Sadde, Pegah Safari, Aleksi Sahala, Shadi Saleh, Alessio Salomoni, Tanja Samardžić,
Stephanie
Samson, Xulia Sánchez-Rodríguez, Manuela Sanguinetti, Ezgi Sanıyar,
Dage
Särg, Marta Sartor, Albina Sarymsakova, Mitsuya Sasaki, Baiba Saulīte, Agata Savary, Yanin Sawanakunanon, Shefali Saxena, Kevin Scannell, Salvatore Scarlata, Emmanuel Schang, Nathan Schneider, Sebastian Schuster, Lane Schwartz, Djamé Seddah, Wolfgang Seeker, Sven Sellmer, Mojgan Seraji, Syeda Shahzadi, Mo Shen, Atsuko Shimada, Hiroyuki Shirasu, Yana Shishkina, Muh Shohibussirri, Maria Shvedova, Janine Siewert, Einar Freyr Sigurðsson, João Silva, Aline Silveira, Natalia Silveira, Sara Silveira, Maria Simi, Radu Simionescu, Katalin Simkó, Mária Šimková, Haukur Barri Símonarson, Kiril Simov, Dmitri Sitchinava,
Ted Sither, Aaron Smith, Isabela Soares-Bastos, Per Erik Solberg, Barbara Sonnenhauser, Shafi Sourov, Rachele Sprugnoli, Vivian Stamou, Steinþór Steingrímsson, Antonio Stella, Abishek Stephen, Milan Straka, Emmett Strickland, Jana Strnadová, Alane Suhr, Yogi Lesmana Sulestio, Umut Sulubacak, Shingo Suzuki, Daniel Swanson, Zsolt Szántó, Chihiro Taguchi, Dima Taji, Fabio Tamburini, Mary Ann C. Tan, Takaaki Tanaka, Dipta Tanaya, Mirko Tavoni, Samson Tella, Isabelle Tellier, Marinella Testori, Guillaume Thomas, Tarık Emre Tıraş, Sara Tonelli, Liisi Torga,
Marsida Toska, Trond Trosterud, Anna Trukhina, Reut Tsarfaty, Utku Tü
rk,
Francis Tyers, Sveinbjörn Þórðarson, Vilhjálmur Þorsteinsson, Sumire Uematsu, Roman Untilov, Zdeňka Urešová, Larraitz Uria, Hans Uszkoreit, Andrius Utka, Elena Vagnoni, Sowmya Vajjala, Socrates Vak, Rob van der Goot, Martine Vanhove, Daniel van Niekerk, Gertjan van Noord, Viktor Varga, Uliana Vedenina, Giulia Venturi, Eric Villemonte de la
Clergerie,
Veronika Vincze, Anishka Vissamsetty, Natalia Vlasova, Eleni Vligouridou, Aya Wakasa, Joel C. Wallenberg, Lars Wallin, Abigail
Walsh,
John Wang, Jonathan North Washington, Maximilan Wendt, Paul Widmer, Shira Wigderson, Sri Hartati Wijono, Vanessa Berwanger Wille, Seyi Williams, Mats Wirén, Christian Wittern, Tsegay Woldemariam, Tak-sum Wong, Alina Wróblewska, Qishen Wu, Mary Yako, Kayo Yamashita, Naoki Yamazaki, Chunxiao Yan, Koichi Yasuoka, Marat M. Yavrumyan, Arife Betü
l
Yenice, Enes Yılandiloğlu, Olcay Taner Yıldız, Zhuoran Yu, Arlisa Yuliawati, Zdeněk Žabokrtský, Shorouq Zahra, Amir Zeldes, He Zhou, Hanzhi Zhu, Yilun Zhu, Anna Zhuravleva, Rayan Ziane
References
Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Christopher Manning, Joakim Nivre, Daniel Zeman. 2021. Universal Dependencies. In Computational Linguistics 47:2,
pp. 255–308.
Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter, Jan Hajič, Christopher D. Manning, Sampo Pyysalo, Sebastian Schuster, Francis Tyers, Daniel Zeman. 2020. Universal Dependencies v2: An Evergrowing Multilingual Treebank Collection. In Proceedings of LREC.
----------
Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Bill MacCartney, and Christopher D. Manning. 2006. Generating typed dependency parses from phrase
structure
parses. In Proceedings of LREC.
Marie-Catherine de Marneffe and Christopher D. Manning. 2008. The Stanford typed dependencies representation. In COLING Workshop on Cross-framework and Cross-domain Parser Evaluation.
Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Timothy Dozat, Natalia Silveira, Katri Haverinen, Filip Ginter, Joakim Nivre, and Christopher Manning. 2014. Universal Stanford Dependencies: A cross-linguistic typology. In Proceedings of LREC.
Joakim Nivre, Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Filip Ginter, Yoav Goldberg,
Jan Hajič, Christopher D. Manning, Ryan McDonald, Slav Petrov, Sampo Pyysalo, Natalia Silveira, Reut Tsarfaty, Daniel Zeman. 2016.
Universal
Dependencies v1: A Multilingual Treebank Collection. In Proceedings of
LREC.
Slav Petrov, Dipanjan Das, and Ryan McDonald. 2012. A universal part-of-speech tagset. In Proceedings of LREC.
Daniel Zeman. 2008. Reusable Tagset Conversion Using Tagset Drivers.
In
Proceedings of LREC. _______________________________________________ Corpora mailing list -- corpora@list.elra.info https://list.elra.info/mailman3/postorius/lists/corpora.list.elra.info/
To unsubscribe send an email to corpora-leave@list.elra.info