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ACL Survey on Anonymity Period Policy
by ACL Announcements 13 Sep '23

13 Sep '23

Dear ACL Community, ACL is considering multiple proposals to change its anonymity period policy. We seek immediate feedback from our community about two specific proposed changes. The first proposed change would allow authors to freely make versions of their submitted papers available online at any time, for example, on preprint servers such as arXiv or on their personal websites. The second proposed change would allow authors to mention their preprints at any time, including on social media. Taken together, these changes amount to canceling the anonymity period. ACL Call for participation: https://www.aclweb.org/portal/content/survey-anonymity-period-policy Submission Deadline: Friday, 22 September 2023 Please use this link to submit your feedback: https://tinyurl.com/aclarxivpolicy. The survey might take 5 to 10 minutes, and your responses will remain anonymous. Feel free to forward this as you think appropriate. For additional information or suggestions, please feel free to contact any of us. Your contribution is greatly appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you! Sincerely, ACL Working Group

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Call for abstracts: Special issue on Questionable Research Practice (QRPs)
by Luke Plonsky 12 Sep '23

12 Sep '23

Dear Colleagues, Please see below a call for abstracts for a special issue that my collaborators and I are putting together for *Journal of Second Language Studies* on QRPs in the context of applied linguistics. Thanks for considering this call. Please feel free to share with anyone else who you think might be interested. Best, Luke ### *Call for abstracts for special issue in Journal of Second Language Studies on* *Questionable Research Practices* Questionable research practices (QRPs) comprise the vast gray area in between ideal researcher behavior, on the one hand, and behaviors that are clearly unethical or inappropriate, on the other (see Yaw et al., 2022 <https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444823000010>). Building on a growing body of QRP-based research both within and beyond applied linguistics (e.g., Fanelli, 2009; Isbell et al., 2022), Larsson et al. (2023) <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2023.100064> present a taxonomy of 58 QRPs (found here) <https://sites.google.com/view/qrp-humanities/home/what-are-qrps?authuser=0> for applied linguistics along with ratings for their corresponding frequency and severity. These and other efforts have sought to raise awareness of QRPs in applied linguistics, noting that many present potentially serious threats to the validity of our findings. Nevertheless, this set of QRPs—both individually and in the aggregate—needs to be more fully examined in order to gain a clearer understanding of (a) how, when, and to what extent QRPs occur, (b) when and to what extent they may be problematic, and (c) their context-dependent nature. For example, one QRP is “excessive self-citation”. But what is “excessive” in the context of applied linguistics? Under what circumstances is it all right to frequently cite your own work? Do (excessive) self-citation practices vary across journals, author demographics, and so forth? For this special issue of the *Journal of Second Language Studies* <https://benjamins.com/catalog/jsls>, we invite proposals for articles that explore one or multiple QRPs in applied linguistics, going beyond Larsson et al.’s findings of QRP frequency and perceived severity. We invite contributions applying any methodological approach including surveys, corpus-based techniques, coding of primary studies for evidence of QRPs (i.e., synthetic/meta-analytic techniques), case studies, reviews of curricula and training materials, and interviews (e.g., with researchers at different career stages). The following article types/lengths will be considered: - Full-length articles (maximum 9000 words) - Short reports (3000-5000 words) - Position papers (max 9000 words) *Timeline* October 10, 2023 Abstracts (300 words max + references) sent to luke.plonsky(a)nau.edu November 10, 2023 Decisions with invitations to submit sent to authors July 1, 2024 Initial submission of complete manuscripts for editorial and peer review October 1, 2024 Final submission of manuscripts 2025 Anticipated publication *Special issue editors* Luke Plonsky, Northern Arizona University Tove Larsson, Northern Arizona University Scott Sterling, Indiana State University Kate Yaw, University of South Florida Merja Kytö, Uppsala University

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[CfP] FOCAL Shared Task on Citation Classification at WIESP @ IJCNLP-AACL 2023
by Tirthankar Ghosal 11 Sep '23

11 Sep '23

Dear Colleagues, The deadline to submit a paper in the WIESP workshop is TODAY! https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/WIESP/2023/ We have a new shared task on *Citation Classification*. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/WIESP/2023/shared_task_1 If you are interested, please register to participate: https://forms.office.com/g/cUyC00LnWB All the participating teams would be invited to submit a paper describing their system and those would be published as part of WIESP @ IJCNLP-AACL 2023 proceedings in the ACL Anthology. Please feel free to reach us for any questions. Thank you. Best regards, Tirthankar Ghosal -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Tirthankar Ghosal https://elitr.eu/tirthankar-ghosal/ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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2nd CFP: Special Issue of Computational Linguistics: Language Learning, Representation, and Processing in Humans and Machines
by Marianna Apidianaki 11 Sep '23

11 Sep '23

Second Call for Papers Special Issue of Computational Linguistics: Language Learning, Representation, and Processing in Humans and Machines ** Guest Editors ** Marianna Apidianaki (University of Pennsylvania) Abdellah Fourtassi (Aix Marseille University) Sebastian Padó (University of Stuttgart) ** NEW: Abstract submission deadline: November, 10 ** ** Paper submission deadline: December, 10 ** Large language models (LLMs) acquire rich world knowledge from the data they are exposed to during training, in a way that appears to parallel how children learn from the language they hear around them. Indeed, since the introduction of these powerful models, there has been a general feeling among researchers in both NLP and cognitive science that a systematic understanding of how these models work and how they use the knowledge they encode, would shed light on the way humans acquire, represent, and process this same knowledge (and vice versa). Yet, despite the similarities, there are important differences between machines and humans that have prevented a direct translation of insights from the analysis of LLMs to a deeper understanding of human learning. Chief among these differences is that the size of data required to train LLMs far exceeds -- by several orders of magnitude -- the data children need to acquire sophisticated conceptual structures and meanings. Besides, the engineering-driven architectures of LLMs do not appear to have obvious equivalents in children's cognitive apparatus, at least as studied by standard methods in experimental psychology. Finally, children acquire world knowledge not only via exposure to language but also via sensory experience and social interaction. This edited volume aims to create a forum of exchange and debate between linguists, cognitive scientists and experts in deep learning, NLP and computational linguistics, on the broad topic of learning in humans and machines. Experts from these communities can contribute with empirical and theoretical papers that advance our understanding of this question. Submissions might address the acquisition of different types of linguistic and world knowledge. Additionally, we invite contributions that characterize and address challenges related to the mismatch between humans and LLMs in terms of the size and nature of input data, and the involved learning and processing mechanisms. Topics include, but are not limited to: • Grounded learning: comparison of unimodal (e.g., text) vs multimodal (e.g., images and video) learning. • Social learning: comparison of input-driven mechanisms vs. interaction-based learning. • Exploration of different knowledge types (e.g., procedural / declarative); knowledge integration and inference in LLMs. • Methods to characterize and quantify human-like language learning or processing in LLMs. • Interpretability/probing methods addressing the linguistic and world knowledge encoded in LLM representations. • Knowledge enrichment methods aimed at improving the quality and quantity of the knowledge encoded in LLMs. • Semantic representation and processing in humans and machines in terms of, e.g., abstractions made, structure of the lexicon, property inheritance and generalization, geometrical approaches to meaning representation, mental associations, and meaning retrieval. • Bilingualism in humans and machines; second language acquisition in children and adults; construction of multi-lingual spaces and cross-lingual correspondences. • Exploration of language models that incorporate cognitively plausible mechanisms and reasonably-sized training data. • Use of techniques from other disciplines (e.g., neuroscience or computer vision) for analyzing and evaluating LLMs. • Open-source tools for analysis, visualization, or explanation. Submission Instructions ** NEW ** Authors are strongly encouraged to submit a short (max 1 page) abstract of their paper by November 10. Abstracts will be sent to the Guest Editors (e-mails below). Minor modifications to the abstract will still be possible until final submission. Papers should be formatted according to the Computational Linguistics style guidelines: http://cljournal.org/ We accept both long and short papers. Long papers are between 30 and 40 journal pages in length; short papers are between 15 and 25 pages in length. Papers for this special issue will be submitted through the CL electronic submission system, just like regular papers: http://cljournal.org/submissions.html Authors of special issue papers will need to select “Special Issue on LLPR” under the Journal Section heading in the CL submission system. Please note that papers submitted to a special issue undergo the same reviewing process as regular papers. Timeline Deadline for abstract submission: November, 10 2023 Deadline for paper submission: December, 10 2023 Notification after 1st round of reviewing: February, 10 2024 Revised versions of the papers: April, 30 2024 Final decisions: June, 10 2024 Final version of the papers: July, 1 2024 Inquiries All inquiries should be directed to the guest editors of this special issue. Guest Editors Marianna Apidianaki marapi(a)seas.upenn.edu <mailto:marapi@seas.upenn.edu> Abdellah Fourtassi abdellah.fourtassi(a)gmail.com <mailto:abdellah.fourtassi@gmail.com> Sebastian Padó pado(a)ims.uni-stuttgart.de <mailto:pado@ims.uni-stuttgart.de> Reviewers Afra Alishahi, Tilburg University Rachel Bawden, INRIA Philippe Blache, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS Idan Blank, UCLA Gemma Boleda, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, UCLouvain, FNRS, The Ohio State University Katrin Erk, University of Texas at Austin Benoit Favre, Aix-Marseille University Richard Futrell, UC Irvine Aina Garí Soler, Télécom-Paris Mario Giulianelli, University of Amsterdam Gabriel Grand, MIT Dieuwke Hupkes, META Anna Ivanova, MIT Jordan Kodner, Stony Brook University Andrew Lampinen, DeepMind Roger Levy, MIT Tal Linzen, New York University (NYU) Barbara Plank, LMU Munich Christopher Potts, Stanford University Veronica Qing Lyu, University of Pennsylvania Okko Räsänen, Tampere University Anna Rogers, IT University of Copenhagen Thomas Schatz, Aix-Marseille University Sebastian Schuster, Saarland University Cory Shain, Stanford University Jörg Tiedemann, University of Helsinki Sean Trott, University of California, San Diego Ivan Vuliç, University of Cambridge Computational Linguistics is the longest-running flagship journal of the Association for Computational Linguistics. The journal has a high impact factor: 9.3 in 2022 and 7.778 in 2021. Average time to first decision of regular papers and full survey papers (excluding desk rejects) is 34 days for the period January to May 2023, and 47 days for the period January to December 2022.

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[Call for participation] Test a Dialogue System for Automata Accessibility
by Elisa Di Nuovo 11 Sep '23

11 Sep '23

Dear Esteemed Colleagues, We are a research group of the Computer Science Department and Polin Laboratory at University of Turin. We need your contribution to test a dialogue system for exploring finite automata with the accessibility goal in mind. *Introducing the NoVAGraphS Research Experiment* Our research team comprising Alessandro Mazzei, Luca Anselma, Pier Felice Balestrucci, Cristian Bernareggi, Elisa Di Nuovo and Manuela Sanguinetti, is thrilled to extend a heartfelt invitation to individuals with a basic knowledge of *English* and* finite state automata*. We need your valuable insights to evaluate our prototype system designed to enhance the accessibility of automata, a graphical structure usually taught in Computer Science courses which is not yet fully accessible for individuals with visual impairments. *What would you expect?* - You will interact with a prototype dialogue system using a web interface to explore a simple automaton. - Moreover, you will explore another simple automaton using a state transition table. - Finally, we will ask you some questions to assess your understanding of the two automata and collect your precious feedback on the usability of the dialogue system. Rest assured, any personal information collected will remain completely anonymous. - It will take approximately 15 minutes (standard deviation = 5 minutes :D). *Interested in participating or needing more information to decide?* In both cases, please contact Pier at the following email address: pierfelice.balestrucci[at]unito.it Kind regards, Elisa Di Nuovo on behalf of NoVAGraphS Research Group -- Alessandro Mazzei, Luca Anselma, Pier Felice Balestrucci, Cristian Bernareggi, Elisa Di Nuovo, Manuela Sanguinetti http://www.integr-abile.unito.it/progetto-novagraphs/ (website only in Italian)

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[FinNLP@IJCNLP-AACL-2023] Deadline Extended: 15 Sep, 2023
by CHUNG-CHI CHEN 09 Sep '23

09 Sep '23

Dear Colleagues, We received some requests about the extension of the submission deadline. Because we still have some time to wait for more interesting submissions, we have decided to extend the submission deadline to 15 Sep. 2023 (AoE). FinNLP@IJCNLP-AACL-2023 will be held in hybrid mode. While we encourage in-person attendance, we understand the need for flexibility and will also be accommodating live online presentations. We also have a Multi-Lingual ESG Impact Type Identification (ML-ESG-2) shared task. Please join us if you are interested in ESG topics. We are looking forward to your participation in FinNLP@IJCNLP-AACL-2023. For more details, please refer to FinNLP-2023 website: https://sites.google.com/nlg.csie.ntu.edu.tw/finnlp2023/home Best Regards, Chung-Chi Chen --- 陳重吉 (Chung-Chi Chen), Ph.D. Researcher Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan E-mail: c.c.chen(a)acm.org Website: http://cjchen.nlpfin.com

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Job Announcement: Researcher
by Siegel, Melanie, Prof. Dr. 08 Sep '23

08 Sep '23

Hello, in the research project "BoTox - Bot and context detection in the environment of hate speech" a position for a research assistant is advertised. https://h-da.de/fileadmin/h_da/Hochschule/Stellenangebote/Mitarbeiter/378_2… There is a possibility to do a PhD in the Hessian PhD Center for Applied Computer Science. For questions about the position and the project, please do not hesitate to contact me. Best regards, Melanie Siegel /*****************************************************/ Prof. Dr. Melanie Siegel Information Science Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences Schöfferstraße 3 D-64295 Darmstadt https://sis.h-da.de<https://sis.h-da.de/> www.melaniesiegel.de<http://www.melaniesiegel.de/> https://fz.h-da.de/detox /*****************************************************/

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Final CFP: Normalization of Genetic Phenotypes from Dysmorphology Physical Examinations @ BioCreative VIII - track 3
by Davy Weissenbacher 07 Sep '23

07 Sep '23

*Task:* We call for automated systems to extract and normalize the findings of dysmorphology physical examinations. The dataset consists of 3136 de-identified observations with dysmorphic findings manually annotated and normalized with their corresponding HumanPhenotype Ontology <https://hpo.jax.org/app/> (HPO) terms. *Motivation:* Dysmorphology physical examinations catalog minor morphological differences of patients’ bodies and may also identify general medical signs such as neurologic dysfunction. These findings enable correlations of patients with known rare genetic diseases and allow researchers to delineate undescribed genetic conditions. These medical findings are nearly always captured as unstructured free text within the electronic health record, making them unavailable for downstream computational analysis. Advanced natural language processing methods are therefore required to retrieve the information from the records. *Challenge:* Both extraction and normalization are challenging. The extraction is challenging due to the descriptive style of the examinations which, for conciseness, report findings with disjoint and overlapping mentions. The normalization is challenging due to the large scale of the HPO ontology which requires a normalizer to learn the task without supervision since our training set does not provide examples of all terms in the HPO. See https://biocreative.bioinformatics.udel.edu/tasks/biocreative-viii/track-3/ for details., in short: - 3136 de-identified observations with dysmorphic and normal findings manually annotated and normalized with their corresponding Human Phenotype Ontology <https://hpo.jax.org/app/> terms - Baseline systems available (e.g. doc2HPO <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefens…> , NeuralCR <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefens…> , PhenoTagger <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefens…> , PhenoBERT <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefens…>, and txt2HPO <https://nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Furldefens…> ) - Codalab opened at https://codalab.lisn.upsaclay.fr/competitions/11351 - Evaluation period: Sept. 15, 9:00 UTC - Sept. 18, 23:59 UTC [Apologies for cross-posting] Best regards, Davy

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2nd CfP: NLP4DH & IWCLUL 2023
by Mika Hämäläinen 07 Sep '23

07 Sep '23

NLP4DH 2023 & IWCLUL 2023 The Joint 3rd International Conference on Natural Language Processing for Digital Humanities and 8th International Workshop on Computational Linguistics for Uralic Languages will be held in Tokyo, Japan. The proceedings will be published in the ACL anthology<https://aclanthology.org/>. The workshop will take place on December 1-3 2023. https://rootroo.com/en/joint-nlp4dh-iwclul-2023/ Submission deadline: October 1, 2023 Registration/publication fees: 0€! The focus of NLP4DH is on applying natural language processing techniques to digital humanities research. The topics can be anything of digital humanities interest with a natural language processing or generation aspect. A list of suitable NLP4DH topics include but are not limited to: -Text analysis and processing related to humanities using computational methods -Dataset creation and curation for NLP (e.g. digitization, digitalization, datafication, and data preservation). -Research on cultural heritage collections such as national archives and libraries using NLP -NLP for error detection, correction, normalization and denoising data -Generation and analysis of literary works such as poetry and novels -Analysis and detection of text genres -Submissions are not limited to Uralic languages! In addition, IWCLUL solicits papers that focus on NLP methods for Uralic languages. Many of these languages are endangered and call for innovative NLP approaches that can deal with small amounts of data. A list of suitable IWCLUL topics include but are not limited to: -Parsers, analysers and processing pipelines of Uralic languages -Lexical databases, electronic dictionaries -Finished end-user applications aimed at Uralic languages, such as spelling or grammar checkers, machine translation or speech processing -Evaluation methods and gold standards, tagged corpora, treebanks We solicit original and unpublished work related to digital humanities and natural language processing (NLP4DH) or NLP methods for Uralic languages (IWCLUL). Short papers can be up to 4 pages in length (5 for camera-ready version). Short papers can report on work in progress or a more targeted contribution such as software or partial results. Long papers can be up to 8 pages in length (9 for camera-ready version). Long papers should report on previously unpublished, completed, original work. Lightning talks submitted as 750-word abstracts. Lightning talks are suited for discussing ideas or presenting work in progress. The abstracts will not be published or indexed and will only be made available on the conference website. All submission formats can have an unlimited number of pages for references. All submissions must follow the ACL stylesheet<https://2023.aclweb.org/calls/style_and_formatting/>. The submissions must be anonymous and they will be peer-reviewed by our program committee. The peer review is double blinded. Papers must be submitted using the conference submission system by the deadline. At least one of the authors of an accepted paper must attend the event and present their paper. Accepted papers (short and long) will be published in the joint proceedings that will appear in the ACL Anthology. Accepted papers will also be given an additional page to address the reviewers’ comments. The length of a camera ready submission can then be 5 pages for a short paper and 9 for a long paper with an unlimited number of pages for references. The authors of the accepted papers will be invited to submit an extended version of their paper to a special issue in the Journal of Data Mining & Digital Humanities<https://jdmdh.episciences.org/>. Important dates -Paper submission (full and short): October 1, 2023 -Notification of acceptance: November 3, 2023 -Camera ready deadline: November 17, 2023 -NLP4DH & IWCLUL in Tokyo: December 1-3, 2023

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[Final CfP] [Deadline Extended] Second Workshop on Information Extraction from Scientific Publications (WIESP) at IJCNLP-AACL 2023
by Tirthankar Ghosal 06 Sep '23

06 Sep '23

*** Second Workshop on Information Extraction from Scientific Publications ( WIESP) at IJCNLP-AACL 2023 *** *** Website: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/WIESP/2023/ *** *** Twitter: https://twitter.com/wiesp_nlp *** Building on the success of the First WIESP at AACL-IJCNLP 2022, the Second Workshop on Information Extraction from Scientific Publications (WIESP) will provide a platform to researchers to foster discussion and research on information extraction, mining, generation, and knowledge discovery from scientific publications using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning techniques. A lot of technological change happened in one year (since the 1st WIESP), especially with Generative Artificial Intelligence research. We are incorporating a few additional topics to stay abreast with the latest developments and research in the community. The 2nd iteration of WIESP would focus on the following topics (but not limited to): - Large Language Models (LLMs) for Science - Application of LLMs on information extraction, generation, mining and knowledge discovery from scientific publications - Probing LLMs for scientific fact checking and misinformation - Scientific document parsing - Scientific named-entity recognition - Scientific article summarization - Question-answering on scientific articles - Citation context/span extraction - Structured information extraction from full-text, tables, figures, bibliography - Novel datasets curated from scientific publications - Argument extraction and mining - Challenges in information extraction from scientific articles - Building knowledge graphs via mining scientific literature; querying scientific knowledge graphs - Novel tools for IE on scientific literature and interaction with users - Mathematical information extraction - Scientific concepts, facts extraction - Visualizing scientific knowledge - Bibliometric and Altmetric studies via information extraction from scientific articles and metadata In addition to research paper presentations, WIESP will also feature keynote talks, a panel discussion on “Large Language Models and Scientific Literature Mining'', and shared tasks. We will update the details on our website as and when they become available. We especially welcome participation from academic and research institutions, government and industry labs, publishers, and information service providers. Projects and organizations using NLP/ML techniques in their text mining and enrichment efforts are also welcome to participate. We strongly encourage the participation of students, researchers, and science practitioners from diverse backgrounds, especially from underrepresented groups and communities, to be a part of WIESP events, and pro-actively make the workshop a diverse and inclusive one. ****Call for Papers**** We invite papers of the following categories: ***Long papers*** must describe substantial, original, completed, and unpublished work. Wherever appropriate, concrete evaluation and analysis should be included. Papers must not exceed eight (8) pages of content, plus unlimited pages of references. The final versions of long papers will be given one additional page of content (up to 9 pages) so that reviewers' comments can be taken into account. ***Short papers*** must describe original and unpublished work. Please note that a short paper is not a shortened long paper. Instead, short papers should have a point that can be made in a few pages, such as a small, focused contribution, a negative result, or an interesting application nugget. Short papers must not exceed four (4) pages, plus unlimited pages of references. The final versions of short papers will be given one additional page of content (up to 5 pages) so that reviewers' comments can be taken into account. In addition to papers, WIESP will also host shared tasks. More details on the WIESP shared tasks will be available on our website shortly. Also, we will publish separate CfPs on the shared tasks. Shared task authors will be invited to write their system descriptions and those will be subjected to peer review. ***Shared Task: Function of Citation in Astrophysics Literature (FOCAL)*** The citation graph is an essential tool for helping researchers find relevant literature. To further empower discovery, we aim to label the edges of the graph with the function of the citation: e.g. is the cited work necessary background knowledge, or is it used as a comparison, to the citing work? To start this process, we propose a shared task of automatically labelling citations with a function based on the textual context of the citation. A sample dataset and more instructions can be found at: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/WIESP/2023/SharedTasks *All accepted papers would be published in the WIESP proceedings as part of IJCNLP-AACL 2023 and indexed in the ACL Anthology.* ***Important Dates*** - Paper Submission Deadline: *September 11, 2023 (final extended deadline)* - Notification of workshop paper/abstract acceptance: October 5, 2023 - Camera-ready Submission Deadline: October 12, 2023 - Workshop: November 1, 2023 (online) ***All submission deadlines are 11.59 pm UTC -12h ("Anywhere on Earth")*** ****Submission Website and Format**** Submission Link: https://softconf.com/ijcnlp2023/WorkshopWIESP2023/ Submission will be via softconf. Submissions should follow the ACLPUB formatting guidelines (https://acl-org.github.io/ACLPUB/formatting.html) and template files (https://github.com/acl-org/acl-style-files/tree/master). Submissions (Long and Short Papers) will be subject to a double-blind peer-review process. We follow the same policies as IJCNLP-AACL 2023 regarding anonymity, preprints and double submissions. ***Organizers*** - Tirthankar Ghosal, National Center for Computational Sciences| Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA - Felix Grezes, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, USA - Thomas Allen, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, USA - Kelly Lockhart, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, USA - Alberto Accomazzi, Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, USA -- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Tirthankar Ghosal https://member.acm.org/~tghosal ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

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